Causes of World War One

Causes of World War One World War I (1914 to 1918) was one of the most terrifying wars in history. This war was a total war; a war where every single country that was involved produced almost no consumer goods and used up all of their resources for the war effort. During those five years, countless amounts of soldiers lost their motivation and started to question what they are fighting for. It ended with an estimated 30 million casualties and a temporary peace treaty that lasted for on longer than twenty-one years. This war that put the central and allied powers into conflict began with the rising nationalism, endless competition for military strength, and the desire of conquering land. The tipping point that brought all of these forces into war was their system of alliances, which divided most of Europe into two sides. Nationalism, the belief that your country is superior to others countries, slowly spread and took over entire Europe. Of course, nationalism did not rise by itself. Before and even during World War I, propaganda took place; nationalism was found in newspaper, board-sheets, music, literature, and theatre (Llewellyn). This increased European countries’ pride, countries begun to feel overly proud of themselves, and some of the greater power started to feel unstoppable (Brown). Since all countries shared the same belief that their own country was always right and could win any war or conflict within months, the desire of war rose quickly while the European countries’ felt eager to prove their power (Llewellyn). The desire of proving one’s power was not the only idea that rose before World War I. Colonies and countries that were ruled under another nation’s government started to want self-governing and independent, which later on lead to rebellions. Archduke Fr anz Ferdinand, a highly ranked Austria government official, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip; a member of a Serbian nationalist group called â€Å"Black hand† on June 28, 1914 (Brown). This was the fire that eventually lit up to World War I, which was somehow related to all European countries’ belief that all of them were intensely proud of – Nationalism. Militarism increased the military forces countries hold and competition of building their army and navy between countries. Arms race a process when countries compete about the amount of army and navy they’ve got and built up more was extremely serious between 1900 to 1914 (Poon). As Germany built a large military to protect itself from its long time enemy, France, France responded with an even larger military to keep itself safe and out of threat of the German (Brown). This process went on and on because as one of the countries’ military forces is greater than another’s, the one with less protection felt insecure and built an even greater military (Brown). Militarism not only caused European countries to build up strong forces to defend each other but also led to endless competition between counties in military buildups (Kelly). Germany, a country that increased its military buildup rapidly, threatened Britain’s position in naval forces. After Britain bu ilt its first Dreadnought (battle ship with 12-inch guns) the race begun, in 1909 to 1911, Germany built nine Dreadnoughts while Britain built 18 (Poon). Other then protection and competitions, militarism gave one the belief that war was coming and problems could be solved by wars (Poon). Thus of the strong and massive military force each country had, the entire Europe was ready for a war in 1914 (Poon). After the belief that one’s superior to others and military forces were all build up, imperialism occurred. Imperialism, the desire of gaining land, was accomplished by conquering more lands that could increase owns power and wealth (Kelly). Countries in Europe urged for Africa and parts of Asia because those were the places where provided valuable and massive amounts of rough materials (Kelly). Germany, as a rising power, wanted to conquer a part of Africa although France and Britain already established it (Brown). This action angered both France and Britain and as they worked together to keep Germany out of Africa, they became even closer allies (Brown). As imperialism went on, more and more conflicts appeared and caused the relationship between forces to worsen. Not only that, the confrontations of competing empire sizes pushed the countries in Europe a step near war (Kelly). The system of alliance was the force that held the countries in Europe together and caused this total war. Alliance system, built by Bismarck, was not built for military purpose at first, but since alliances were always made in secret and it increased the war tension, it became a serious problem (Poon). Before World War I, Europe was separated in to two major alliances the Triple Alliances and the Triple Entente (Brown). Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were included in the Triple Alliance and France, Britain, and Russia in the Triple Entente. These two alliances were made to defend each other, but at the beginning of World War I, Italy became neutral and then joined the Entente (Brown). Although alliances were built to make countries safer, it ended up doing the opposite then they had expect (Wheeler). All countries in Europe were connected by alliance, so when a single conflict occurred, it caused war that involved entire Europe (Wheeler). The assassination of Archduke Franz Fe rdinand did the job in which Austria-Hungry declared war on Serbia and Serbia was promised to be protected by Russia (Brown). This is when alliance officially took place, held the central power against the allied power, and let to World War I. World War I ended with not much gain but great losses. Germany, used as a scapegoat of World War I, had to pay large amount of reparations. This made their economic system collapsed because they printed too much money. Also there was not enough food because all productions were made for military purpose during war. People faced a hard time and suffered starvation even after World War I ended. Italy, the county that joined the allied power during the war, did not get the land that it was promised. The United States, a country out of Europe, fought a war for foreign countries that gave it no benefit. After this war ended, the treaty of Versailles was signed. Countries insisted and wanted peace because every single of them felt exhausted, so, the League of Nations was built. Although the formation of League of Nations was a great step towards peace, the most important country, the United States, refused to join, so this peace did not last long. Soon, the â€Å"peace treaty† that ended World War I, will cause another horrifying war that will be forever remembered and remarked with this one. Work Cited Brown, Brandom. â€Å"Causes of WW1 (The Great War).† Connexions. Brandom Brown. 23 Apr. 2009. Web. 22 Sept. 2013 Kelly, Martin. â€Å"Top 5 Causes of World War 1.† About.com. Martin Kelly, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2013. Llewellyn, Southey, Steve Thompson. â€Å"Nationalism as a cause of World War 1.† AlphaHistory. Jennifer Llewellyn, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Poon, H.W. â€Å"Alliances system / System of Alliances.† Thecorner. TheCorner.org,1979. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Poon, H.W.â€Å"Militarism.† Thecorner. TheCorner.org,1979. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Poon, H.W.â€Å"National Rivalries.† Thecorner. TheCorner.org,1979 Web. 29 Sept. 2013. Wheeler, Heather.â€Å"World War One Cause.† Historyonthenet. Heather Wheeler, 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.

Managing a Holistic Marketing Organization for Long Run

CHAPTER 22 Managing a Holistic Marketing organization for Long Run Trends in Marketing Practices Reengineering: Appointing teams to manage customer-value-building processes and break down walls between departments. Outsourcing: Greater willingness to buy more goods and services from outside domestic or foreign vendors. Benchmarking: Studying â€Å"best practice companies† to improve performance. Supplier partnering: Increased partnering with fewer but better value-adding suppliers. Customer partnering: Working more closely with customers to add value to their operations.Merging: Acquiring or merging with firms in the same or complementary industries to gain economies of scale and scope. Globalizing: Increased effort to â€Å"think global† and â€Å"act local. † Flattening: Reducing the number of organizational levels to get closer to the customer. Focusing: Determining the most profitable businesses and customers and focusing on them. Accelerating: Designing the organization and setting up processes to respond more quickly to changes in the environment. Empowering: Encouraging and empowering personnel to produce more ideas and take more initiative. Internal MarketingOrganizing the Marketing Department Functional Organization Geographic Organization Product or Brand management organization Some of the tasks that product or brand managers may perform include: ? Developing a long-range and competitive strategy for the product. ? Preparing an annual marketing plan and sales forecast. ? Working with advertising and merchandising agencies to develop copy, programs, and campaigns. ? Increasing support of the product among the sales force and distributors. ? Gathering continuous intelligence on the product's performance, customer and dealer attitudes, and new problems and opportunities. Initiating product improvements to meet changing market needs. This organization has some disadvantages too: ? Product managers and specifically brand managers are not given enough authority to carry out their responsibilities. They have to rely on persuasion to get the cooperation of other departments. ? Product and brand managers become experts in their product area but rarely achieve functional expertise. They vacillate between acting as experts and having to defer to real experts. ? The product management system often turns out to be costly.One person is appointed to manage each major product or brand and soon managers are appointed to manage even minor products and brands. ? Brand managers normally manage a brand for only a short time. Short-term involvement leads to short-term planning and plays havoc with building long-term strengths. ? The fragmentation of markets makes it harder to develop a national strategy from headquarters. ? Brand managers must increasingly please regional and local sales groups, resulting in a transfer of power from marketing to sales. Product and brand managers cause the company to focus on building market shar e rather than building the customer relationship. Yet the customer relationship, not the brand, may be the primary lever for value creation. MARKET-MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ? When customers fall into different user groups with distinct buying preferences and practices, a market-management organization is desirable. ? A market manager supervises several market managers (also called market-development managers, market specialists, or industry specialists). ? The market managers draw on functional services as needed.MATRIX-MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ? A matrix organization would seem desirable in a multiproduct, multimarket company. ? This system is costly and often creates conflicts. ? There is the cost of supporting all the managers. ? There are also questions about where authority and responsibility should reside. Relation with other departments Building a Creative Marketing Organization ? Developing a company-wide passion for customers. ? Organizing around customer segments instead of around products. ? Developing a deep understanding of customers through qualitative and quantitative research.Socially Responsible Marketing Corporate Social Responsibility Legal behavior ? Society must use the law to define, as clearly as possible, those practices that are illegal, antisocial, or anticompetitive. ? Organizations must ensure that every employee knows and observes any relevant laws. ? For example, sales managers can check that sales representatives know and observe the law, such as the fact that it is illegal for salespeople to lie to consumers or mislead them about the advantages of buying a product. Ethical behaviorCompanies must adopt and disseminate a written code of ethics, build a company tradition of ethical behavior, and hold its people fully responsible for observing ethical and legal guidelines. Social Responsibility Behavior Sustainability The importance of meeting humanity’s needs without harming future generations. Socially Responsible Business Mo dels ? The future holds a wealth of opportunities for companies. ? Technological advances in solar energy, online networks, cable and satellite television, biotechnology, and telecommunications promise to change the world as we know it. At the same time, forces in the socioeconomic, cultural, and natural environments will impose new limits on marketing and business practices. ? Companies that are able to innovate new solutions and values in a socially responsible way are the most likely to succeed. Cause-Related Marketing ? Cause-related marketing is marketing that links the firm's contributions to a designated cause to customers' engaging directly or indirectly in revenue producing transactions with the firm. ? Cause marketing has also been called a part of corporate societal marketing (CSM) which Drumwright and Murphy define as marketing efforts â€Å"that have at least one on-economic objective related to social welfare and use the resources of the company and/or of its partners . † ? They also include other activities such as traditional and strategic philanthropy and volunteerism as part of CSM. CAUSE MARKETING BENEFITS AND COSTS A successful cause marketing program can produce a number of benefits: ? Improving social welfare ? Creating differentiated brand positioning ? Building strong consumer bonds ? Enhancing the company's public image with government officials and other decision makers; ? Creating a reservoir of goodwill Boosting internal morale and galvanizing employees; and driving sales Choosing a cause Many companies choose to focus on one or a few main causes to simplify execution and maximize impact. One of the more focused cause marketers is McDonald's. Ronald McDonald Houses in more than 20 countries offer more than 5,000 rooms each night to families needing support while their child is in the hospital. Ronald McDonald House program has provided a â€Å"home away from home† for nearly 4 million family members since its beginning in 1974. Social MarketingCognitive campaigns ? Explain the nutritional value of different foods ? Explain the importance of conservation. Action campaigns ? Attract people for mass immunization. ? Motivate people to vote â€Å"yes† on a certain issue. ? Motivate people to donate blood. ? Motivate women to take a pap test. Behavioral campaigns ? Demotivate cigarette smoking. ? Demotivate hard-drug usage. ? Demotivate excessive consumption of alcohol. Value campaigns ? Alter ideas about abortion. ? Change attitudes of bigoted people. Evaluation and Control Annual plan control Sales AnalysisMarket Share Analysis Needs to track its market share in one of three ways Overall market share/Served market share/Relative market share A useful way to analyze market share movements is in terms of four components: Overall market share=Customer penetration (% of all the customers who buy from the company)XCustomer loyalty X Customer selectivity (average customer purchase from the company co mpared to average company)X Price selectivity(Average price of the company with others) Marketing expense to sales analysis Financial analysis Profitability ControlMarketing Profitability Analysis Step: 1: Identifying functional expense Step: 2: Assessing functional expenses to marketing entities Step: 3: Preparing a profit and loss statement for each marketing entity Determining corrective actions Direct versus full costing Efficiency control Strategic control The Marketing audit Comprehensive The marketing audit covers all the major marketing activities of a business, not just a few trouble spots. It would be called a functional audit if it covered only the sales force, pricing, or some other marketing activity.Systematic The marketing audit is an orderly examination of the organization's macro-and micromarketing environments, marketing objectives and strategies, marketing systems, and specific activities. The audit indicates the most-needed improvements, which are then incorporat ed into a corrective action plan involving both short-run and long-run steps to improve overall effectiveness. Independent A marketing audit can be conducted in six ways: self-audit, audit from across, audit from above, company auditing office, company task force audit, and outsider audit.Self-audits, in which managers use a checklist to rate their own operations, lack objectivity and independence Periodic Typically, marketing audits are initiated only after sales have turned down, sales force morale has fallen, and other problems have occurred. Companies are thrown into a crisis partly because they failed to review their marketing operations during good times. A periodic marketing audit can benefit companies in good health as well as those in trouble. THE MARKETING EXCELLENCE REVIEWCompanies can use another instrument to rate their performance in relation to the best practices of high-performing businesses. The Future of Marketing In these ways, modern marketing will continue to ev olve and confront new challenges and opportunities. As a result, the coming years will see: ? The demise of the marketing department and the rise of holistic marketing. ? The demise of free-spending marketing and the rise of ROI marketing. ? The demise of marketing intuition and the rise of marketing science, ? The demise of manual marketing and the rise of automated marketing. The demise of mass marketing and the rise of precision marketing. Proficiency will be demanded in areas such as: ? Customer relationship management (CRM). ? Partner relationship management (PRM). ? Database marketing and data-mining. ? Contact center management and telemarketing. ? Public relations marketing (including event and sponsorship marketing), ? Brand-building and brand-asset management. ? Experiential marketing ? Integrated marketing communications ? Profitability analysis by segment, customer, channel.

Definition And Broader Applicability Of The Function Of...

Within our American legal system, the notion of how, to what extent, and why an offender should be punished following his or her transgression are the primary tenets of sentencing policies and the ultimate goal of achieving justice and preventing the spread of crime. Contention exists around the particular definition and broader applicability of the function of punishment, (Sayre-McCord 2001; Wringe 2012; Montague 2002; Hanna 2012; Kelly 2009; Stafford Warr 1993), yet overall, there is agreement that punishment serves to fulfill four primary motivations – specific and general deterrence, incapacitation of the offender, retribution, and restoration and rehabilitation of both the offender and the victim of a crime. Deterrence refers to†¦show more content†¦As such, here the perpetrator’s moral offense is of primary concern (in contrast with more complex concerns about the victim’s status following a crime, or the message an offense may send to society at-large), and the imposed punishment must be â€Å"morally proportional† to the offense, motivating such phrases as â€Å"just deserts†, â€Å"an eye for an eye†, or punishment simply for punishment’s sake (Okimoto, Weather, Feather, 2011; Gerber Jackson 2013). In contrast, restorative justice is a more holistic framework which focuses on repairing the harm an offender’s criminal behavior inflicts upon him or herself, the victim, and society at large. This can be accomplished through mechanisms such as increasing dialogue and cooperation between the victim and offender (i.e. conflict resolution or victim-offender mediations sessions), rehabilitating the offender to develop remorse and genuinely understand the gravity and repercussions of their criminal actions on the victim and the overall community, and working to slowly reintegrate both the offender and victim back into society (Okimoto, Weather, Feather 2011; Braithwaite 1999). Looking at these two approaches together, in the context of our modern criminal justice system, punishment and sentencing decisions are largely based on retributive motivations. Because of this, many argue that restorative justice canShow MoreRelatedLeadership and Management in the 20th Century2998 Words   |  12 Pageshandle, where as the word lead means to go. Similarly as the two words have different definitions, they also have different purposes. 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The Hunger Games and the Lottery Comparison Essay - 849 Words

My two books for this comparison essay are â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. â€Å"The Lottery† is about the towns people drawing out slips of paper and seeing who gets the slip of paper with the black pencil dot; whereas The Hunger Games is about Katniss taking her sisters place when she shes called into the Hunger Games and trying to survive in the arena with Peeta in the Hunger Games. This book ends with Katniss and Peeta winning the Hunger Games and the two of them returning to District 12 with mixed feelings for each other, and an unforgettable experience. There are many similarities between these two books. Both stories have mind blowing experiences. Tessie throwing a fit about her husband†¦show more content†¦As a sacrifice for a good harvest. So you can see they both have some similarities; one of them being, they are both barbaric when it comes to rituals. The settings of these two books are different, beca use The Hunger Games mainly takes place in the arena, and â€Å"The Lottery† takes place in a public town spot. In â€Å"The Lottery†, theres really no romance, but in The Hunger Games, Katniss and Peeta are shown to the world as a couple. I think is actually a good tactic when trying to get sponsors and surviving because Peeta does protect Katniss and I believe he really does have feelings for her, as she does for him. Katniss is confused about her feelings for Gale, I think that she probably does care for Gale, but personally I think she cares for Peeta more. Otherwise why would she have risked her life for for him? Like when each district got a pack, and she ended up giving Peeta the sleeping syrup so she could go get the pack so Peeta could survive. There were also many differences between these two books. At first Tessie didnt know she was the one that was going to be the one getting â€Å"stoned to death† literally; but when Katniss volunteered to take Pri ms place in the Hunger Games, she knew that she was risking her life. Tessie wasnt prepared for the stoning, whereas Katniss was put into training and could defend herself is she were attacked. These two books are different because The Hunger Games is more of a young adult book, and â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By George Henry George1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning of this quote is that things work better when there is equality, and this relates to The Hunger Games theme of inequality between the poor and the rich. As seen in The Hunger Games, anyone who didn t live in the capital was living in poverty. The only way to get out of poverty was to win The Hunger Games. The importance of this research paper is to show how the themes are presented in The Hunger Games. 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Lafley argues that very high success rates show incremental innovation—but what he wants are game changers. He has celebrated PG’s 11 most expensive product failures, focusing on what the company learned from each. So don’t be afraid to admit mistakes—and ask â€Å"What can I learn† from each. 3. Understand and address the root cause. When Apple introduced

Recognition and Reversal Othello - 1703 Words

A Miller Prof. Gould ENG 262 12-3-11 Recognition and Reversal: Othello Aristotle classifies both recognitions and reversals as the greatest point of tragedy in a play or story. Recognitions and reversals are consistently used to develop character, advance the plot, and get a reaction of pity and fear from the audience. Recognition is the act of realization or knowledge or feeling that someone or something present has been encountered before. Reversals are a major change in attitude or principle or point of view. For the main character or hero/protagonist to realize everything that has happened throughout, reversals are used by the writer or writers. Recognition is a device which helps†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, she realizes that she has played an unintentional part in the tragedy by following Iago’s request to steal Desdemona’s handkerchief. It has all been a plot by Iago to destroy Othello, and this is finally revealed to everyone, includ ing Emilia (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 179-182, 187-189). To see Emilia come to full awareness is to see first the emotional breakdown caused by this revelation, and then to see it begin to build, as she shows heartbreak, guilt, awareness of betrayal, and recognition of supreme cruelty on the part of someone she has trusted with her life. She finally speaks with the words, â€Å"Villainy, villainy, villainy!† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 197), knowing she has to persuade everyone of Desdemona’s innocence. Recognition again occurs in Act V Scene II when Emilia hears Othello mention the handkerchief, after he has killed Desdemona: With that recognizance and pledge of love / Which I first gave her. I saw it in his hand; / It was a handkerchief, an antique token / My father gave my mother (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 221-224). At the same time, the attending visitors and soldiers, who have been called into action by Emilia’s cries in Act V, Scene II, are also realizing t he truth of these terrible events. The reversal occurs as Emilia discloses that it was she who stole Desdemona’s handkerchief, â€Å"She give it Cassio? No, alas, I found it, / And I did give’t my husband† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II 236-237). Immediately Othello knows thatShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic play entitled Othello is an unusual story full of jealousy, dark misunderstandings, lies, and regrets. Following Aristotle s definition of a true tragedy, where does the tale of Othello fall? Is Othello too dramatic too be considered a tragedy or does it barely fall along the lines of tragic? Shakespeare s innovation with poetry and dramatic plays have been recognized by critics and playgoers throughout the centuries (Lee,1899). The Bard s play entitled Othello, is among some of the mostRead MoreOthello Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Essay William Shakespeare’s Othello tells a story of the tragic downfall of a man through jealousy and mistrust, influenced by the manipulative actions of another. Due to innumerable changes within society over time, it is inevitable that a wide range of critical interpretations and readings of the text will emerge. My personal interpretation of the play draws from the concepts of the traditional Aristotelian views of a tragedy. An Aristotelian interpretation concerns itself with whetherRead MoreShakespeares Use of Aristotles Guidelines to Tragedy in Creating the Play Othello1572 Words   |  7 Pageshero. This analysis of tragedy was formed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, and also noted in his Poetics (guidelines to drama). As a playwright, Shakespeare used Aristotle’s guidelines to tragedy when writing Othello. The play that was created revolved around the tragic hero, Othello, whose tragic flaw transformed him from a nobleman, into a destructive creature, which would inevitably bring him to his downfall. This transformation follows an organic movement of the complex plot from the beginningRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Othello1613 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play, Othello, Othello is an excellent example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. He was a ch aracter of noble status until his jealousy and gullibility lead him astray. Moreover, the play has a complex plot with a powerful climax and conclusion which lets the audience feel the vulnerability of the characters. Lastly, the characters face a point of realization where they can finally see the people around them are not who they seemed to be. Overall, Othello is one of Shakespeare’s greatestRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1776 Words   |  8 Pagesevent that alters his fortune from good too bad. William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, the Moor of Venice is classified as an Aristotelian classical tragedy based on the guidelines Aristotle sets when examining a tragedy. Othello is a general in the Venetian army, and the husband of Desdemona, and well respected by society. The play describes how Othello’s fate has an undesirable change in fortune, the reversal. In brief, Othello is portrayed as a happy, powerful man in the beginning of t he play, and byRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Tragic Hero1295 Words   |  6 PagesAristotelian tragic hero must possess specific characteristics, five of which are below: 1)Flaw or error of judgment (hamartia) Note the role of justice and revenge in the judgments. 2) A reversal of fortune (peripeteia) brought about because of the heros error in judgment. 3) The discovery or recognition that the reversal was brought about by the heros actions (anagnorisis) 4) Excessive Pride (hubris) 5) The characters fate must be greater than deserved (BSID 2017) To start with, the tragic hero mustRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 Pagesother event. Common sense, therefore, dictates that all of the acts need to be skillfully woven into one another instead of each act abruptly starting and abruptly ending. The last need of a good plot is the incorporation of situation reversals and scenes of recognition. These are almost always the most powerful parts of any good plot, as they invoke emotional interest in the viewer. Character is the next most important aspect of the perfect tragedy after the plot. Every tragedy needs to containRead MoreCommentary On Nature Of Tragedy2375 Words   |  10 Pagesconsidering it is the perfect tragedy. Not surprisingly, Aristotle’s analysis of tragedy in The Poetics fits the play most perfectly. Curiously, the writing of Aristotle also underwrite a considerable degree of what happens in Shakespeare’s play, Othello. In The Poetics, Aristotle goes on to define the nature of tragedy as a literary genre. He defined tragedy as: An imitation of a noble and complete action, having the proper magnitude; it employs language that has been artistically enhanced by eachRead MoreTragic Hero1598 Words   |  7 PagesNobleness (of a noble birth) or wisdom (by virtue of birth). 2. Hamartia (translated as tragic flaw, somewhat related to hubris, but denoting excess in behavior or mistakes). 3. A reversal of fortune (peripetia) brought about because of the hero s tragic error. 4. The discovery or recognition that the reversal was brought about by the hero s own actions (anagnorisis). Other common traits Some other common traits characteristic of a tragic hero: †¢ Hero must suffer more than he deservesRead More Shakespeare?s 10 things Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Betrayal and revenge 2. Metaphors of death-King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Othello 3. Humor- A Midsummer Nights Dream, As You Like It 4. Pastoral settings- Ling Lear, A midnight Summers Dream 5. Madness and insanity- Othello, Midnight Summer?s Dream, King Lear 6. Reversal- the main character falls from a high place 7. Letters- King Lear, Merchant of Venice 8. Things are not as they appear- King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night?s Dream 9. The Father/Daughter Conflict-Midsummer

Locke and Hobbes and Their Philosophical Views Free Essays

When one thinks of the great philosophers of the 16th and 17th centuries, the names John Locke and Thomas Hobbes automatically come to mind.   Both men were instrumental in the philosophical world.   Both were educated at Oxford and both chose a self-imposed exile to Holland because of their political views. We will write a custom essay sample on Locke and Hobbes and Their Philosophical Views or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the state of nature, John Locke believed that God created the world and man.   Therefore, all men are equal.   No one has the right to take a life and that also applied to suicide.   He felt that all men were entitled to life, liberty, health and property.   However, he felt that government was something that took away these rights instead of insuring them.   To him, it seemed that only God was to have control of man. While Locke felt that man was better off without laws and government, Thomas Hobbes thought that it would be a complete state of confusion if this were to take place.   Without laws, people would be able to avenge any wrong that they felt was done to them.   He felt that it would leave man in a constant state of fear because there would be no safety.   Disputes would become a time of violence according to Hobbes. John Locke thought that a world without government would return man to his simpler, more rightful place.   This idea derives from the idea that no one man has the right to be in charge of another.   With the act of government and enforcement of laws, there are people who would have to do the enforcing of the laws.   Unfortunately, this would pit man against man and that would go against the natural order that should exist. Hobbes ideas of government seem contradictory.   In one sense he believed in a government with absolute authority, but then he states that man should not obey a law if it takes away his dignity and honor.   Hobbes felt that no one should even question whether one should obey authority of his/her government and that for anyone to be able to choose which laws that would be obeyed was insanity and would lead to complete confusion. Locke’s thoughts on the rights of each individual is that of self-ownership.   In other words, an individual was completely responsible for himself/herself and answered only to God.   He did believe in self-discipline and strict moral character.   He thought that even the monarch had to answer to God.   So he thought that all people should have equal rights and all rights should be afforded to all people. Since Hobbes was a Calvinist, he believed that man was inherently evil while Locke believed that it was society that was evil.   Hobbes believed that men needed something to dictate his behavior.   That is why he believed in a strong government which allowed certain civil rights, but not others.   He also believed that it was possible for some to enjoy more rights than others because of their behavior. Both men also had strong feelings on the right to revolt or rebel.   Locke felt that one of the true reasons that it would be right to rebel against a government was if that government was not a legitimate government.   The way that people could tell that a government was not a legitimate government was to look at how it believed in the rights of the individual.   If the government believed that it was right for a man to be enslaved or took away other rights that others shared, then that government should encounter a rebellion of its people. Hobbes on the other hand believed that revolt and rebellion would lead to mayhem.   He sighted that the French revolution ended in many useless executions of working class people because of a rebellion against the government.   He agreed that to change the government, one should change it by changing the laws and not by rebellion. Rene` Descartes was a philosopher who was known as the father of modern philosophy.   He was called that because he used much from science and math.   He believed that the body represented the physical world and the mind represented the metaphysical.   Descartes felt that if one was out of sort then the other would be as well.   He felt that everything in the natural world had to work together and so should the body and the mind.   The body was the physical organs while the mind was composed of the brain and the neurological system.   It was quite possible for a dysfunction of the brain to allow something in the body to not work properly. Locke, Hobbes, and Descartes gave great contributions to the world of philosophy.   They were in many ways different.   However they did cause the world to stop and think and not just take things at face value. Works Cited Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 7, July 2007, http://plato.stanford.edu/   How to cite Locke and Hobbes and Their Philosophical Views, Essay examples

Financial Markets and Institutions †Free Sample Solution

Question: Why do financial intermediaries exist? In your answer, discuss theories of financial intermediation, transactions costs and asymmetric information. Answer: Introduction The overall project discussion is about the existence of financial intermediaries in financial markets. The different types of theories which is implemented on financial intermediation and also the transactions costs and asymmetric information followed by the financial institutions in the economy. Financial intermediaries are known professional institutions in the all around the financial market. There are certain functions that are about to used by the financial institutions are having three functional criteria. The other part of the essay is about concept of financial intermediation and the concepts of transactions cost and asymmetric information which is used by the different financial institutions for the measurement of financial scenarios of the organization (Gertler and Queralto, 2012). There are different channels provided to the supply of capital and request sender of the capital during the financial process of intermediary in the financial market of an economy. Financial intermediaries are segmented into two parts monetary and nonmonetary intermediaries. Financial intermediaries can facilitate the transfer activities of funds generated by the financial institutions by the gains and deficit of the company. The primary reasons behind the existence of borrowers and lenders required to manage function to exist in the financial market that is general pricing factors and disciplinary factors. The financial markets are compared by the securities borrowers are considered to be the financially lacking situation for the valuation of assets. There are certain difficulties arise because of which the financial market because required financial intermediaries' existence in the economy (Williamson, 2012). The transformation of risk, liquidity provision, costs reduction, and dif ferent system of payments are the primary functions required which can easily support the link between borrowers and lenders in the market. There are some functions that can be easily describing the reason behind the existence of financial intermediaries in the financial market. Transformation of size the amount of the depositors are not always equal to the amount of money lend by the borrower from the financial institutions. So the financial institutions never the lenders to pull their whole amount of deposited money at a one point of time. Maturity transformation is the function that primarily used for balancing the financial stability of depositor and lender by the bank for generating the working capital for utilization capital in the difficult period. The risk transformation activities are managed by the financial institutions in the economy as they are the investors in many project development activities in the economy that is having higher probability of losing invested money and the borrowers of the institution become bankrupt. The liquidity provisions are also maintained by the financial institution as the custom ers of the financial institutions can any time withdrawn money from their account so the financial institutions are required to maintained liquidity position of the institutions to for customers and some restrictions for the borrowers of the institutions (Gurley and Shaw, 2013). Cost reduction activities of the organization are based on the transaction activities of the organization that increases the transaction cost of the organization to reduce the repetition of contingency transaction and an opportunity cost of the transaction payment time. The provision of the payments system in the financial institutions are required to understand the customers by providing services of financial instruments and transaction cards etc. for the payment system of the financial institution easier. There are some of the reasons because of which the financial intermediaries are having existence in the global economy. Provision for loans are generally a process which done by the financial institutions in the economy through depositing money in the financial institutions and lending money from the financial institutions with the help of the financial intermediaries. There are certain numbers of small-scale business activities that are required to financial grants and support through these authorities make their existence in the local and global market. The financial intermediaries are also helping in the growth and expansion of different business industry in the economy of a particular country that is supporting the growth phase of the country (Sealey, 2012). The borrowers and depositors have different interest from the financial institutions but the financial institutions required to provides same kind of services to their different customers as per their requirements. The financial intermediaries are making agreement on the basis of the full consent of both the parties of the organization. In the economy absence of financial intermediaries are difficult to spread the financial requirement of the people as per the savings and borrowing process of the financial organization. The financial institutions also support in giving the financial advice to the different customers and clients in the economy. They required support the financial position of the company as per the financial advisory required by the clients for managing their financial status in the market. The financial institutions also support the different companies in the economy to generate funds from the market by issuing IPO and FPO and selling the companies stocks in the open market. According to the market scenarios and financial assumptions of financial institutions are for generating the higher funds from the financial instruments issued in the economy. Every financial intermediary in the economy is required to be maintained the structure of borrowing of the financial organization for the promotion activities of different financial funding activities of the organization. The financial intermediaries are taking responsibility for generating the funds for the organization and also some work like middle authorities to increase the sales figures of the organization. The institutions are also having all the authorities to evaluate and measured the different performance of the financial instruments in the organization for the interest of getting the commission for those activities by the different companies in the economy. The financial institutions are supporting to decrease the probability of risk of the organization within a given period to make those funding activities profitable for the organization. Financial institutions are functions as intermediaries in the economy to earn the commissions from the clients on behalf of their services provided to the potential customers of the client companies. The risk bearing activities for the investors in the organization to understand the financial stability of the organization is based on the different investment activities done by the financial institution for the customers and client's projects in the particular period of ti me. The risk monitoring is also one of the primary functions of financial intermediaries to evaluate the capability and risk bearing ability of the organization within a given period. The financial institutions increase the rate if the interest for the depositors to decrease the probability of risk in the investment activities of the organization. The study about the financial intermediation is based on the certain theories and financial concepts. These concepts are providing asymmetric details, opposite selection and verification process of cost quality of the organization. This study is all about the understanding of the financial theories to provide them as financial applications of the organization. These financial intermediation theories are made for the growing the economic standards of the financial process to increase the economic welfare activities of the organization. There are certain theories that are required for the financial intermediation services in the economy is to understand the growth theory, portfolio theory, and other theories of intermediation in the financial market of an organization. The financial market of the global economy has been losing their creditability as there are no such kinds of better financial advice provided by the organization within a given period in the economy. The theories are mad e for the financial institutions for the intermediaries services provided to their clients and customers. There are certain theories which are required to maintain the financial stability of the companies in the economy with the help of the certain tools in the economy. There are huge numbers of amendments are made which is based on the financial intermediation theories. The structure of the financial intermediaries in the economy fully depends upon different keys prediction of the financial stability of the economy. The perfect model contains the details about the different pillars of modern theories of finance are optimality, arbitrage, and equilibrium. Optimality is mentioned for the taking the rational decision-making activities of the organization that is considered to be optimal returns generated by the different companies in the economy. There are certain criteria that are based on the neoclassical model of the financial theories to enhance the performance of the capital in the modern scenarios of the organization. As per the perfect model theories individual parties can influence the stock prices in the market, there are certain activities that are implemented as per the financial markets terms and conditions. The financial models should not have any discriminatory taxes; all the financial structure should be homogeneous in nature. There is some of the importance of the capital structure in the global economy to support the risk diversification and other financial information rationally in the market to make things more homogeneous for the fulfillment of overall expectations and reimbursement activities of the organization. The model of financial intermediation is to make the current theory of financial intermediation more specific for the financial institutions in the economy. There are certain theories that are required to understand the information system to maintain the financial services of the financial organization to control and manage the risk of the organization (Chaves and Gonzalez-Vega, 2012). There is certain kind of activities which is done as per the focusing on the quality of the financial structure of the company that is based on the financial system of the organization. There is certain kind of empirical research activities which is required for the measurement of the connection between the ec onomical and financial growth of the companies surviving in the economy as per the long-term growth of the organization. The financial intermediation models are appeared to show the growth of the financial institutions by providing financial services to the companies and individual required in the economy. The financial intermediary's institutions are giving the different level of structure to provide a different savings level to the organization and individuals in the economy. Despite of the global financial services of the companies in the economy is driven by the deregulation and information technology of the organization which is competing with the different prices of the organization as per the financial services of the organization. There are also some of the modern financial intermediation theories that are based on the neoclassical theories (Tobin and Brainard, 2011). There is some firm that are followed the theory of the intermediation for getting the relevant numbers of financial services in the organization that is based on the theory or the asymmetric information of the organization. There are a certain number of financial details asymmetric which is related to the financial decision-making strategies of the economy. Some of the factors which clearly describe the different financial intermediation techniques of the organization are information gathering problems, transaction cost and also the regulatory factors problems in the organization. Firstly, the financial, informational asymmetries can be generated naturally or due to adverse selection of the practices and rules chosen by the financial institutions of the global economy. There are several numbers of financial auditing activities and verification techniques required to measure the informational asymmetries are generated due to an imperfection of the nature of a market. There are certain deviations that occur in the neoclassical practices of the financial institutions that easily describes the imperfection of different transaction cost of the organization (Kahane, 2012). There is the certain cost that is required to be understood by the financial institutions as financial intermediaries for overcoming from the different cost of the organization. The financial intermediaries are specifically delegating for monitoring the overall savings of the organization. The households investment activities are based on the depositing the finance that is based on the financial i ntermediaries for monitoring the returns of a scale of the organization. There are some of the financial which is based on the monitoring policies of the organization. Some of the positive incentive effective model for understanding of the financial policies of the institutions which will directly give impact on the managerial activities of the banking sector different ion to maintain the different financial structure of the organization. The informational asymmetry studies are based on the focus of the financial institution to focus on the borrowers and depositors of the organization. In the information about the available required to be based on the screening and monitoring activities to maintain the verification activities of the organization. There are some of the other models that are required for the development of banking policies to make the lending policies of the financial institutions. Transaction cost approach of the financial intermediaries' institution about the made assumption of the organization on the basis of the financial intermediaries' policies to make the process of transaction technology between depositors and borrowers as per the different benefits of production scale and future scope of the economy (Boyd and Prescott, 2013). The rules and policies which is required to understand the transaction costs for not exchanging the monetary transaction costs of the company in the economy and with the valuable advice of the financial institution the costs of the monitoring and auditing for measurement of financial position of the organization. The financial intermediaries transform different types of claims that are based on the qualitative and asset management techniques of the organization (Demirg-Kunt and Levine, 2012). There are some of the key functions generated for the diversification activities of different provision of liquidity which is play essential role in asset pricing theory with their different characteristics based on the efficiency of bargaining and negotiation by the financial institutions to their clients and customers. Transaction costs and informational asymmetry approach are the concepts that are primary reasons behind the existence of financial institutions as intermediaries in the economy. Conclusion Financial market are having based on the tools which are required for the raising capital for the financial institutions. There are certain numbers of concepts and requirements are followed which are required to generate the financial statement analysis of the organization within a given period. The overall discussion is about the existence of financial institutions as intermediaries in the economy. The financial institutions are serving different types of customers who are individuals and also the corporate institutions for the measurement of different organizational criteria of the financial organization in the global economy. As per the overall discussion, it is come to understand that different theories of financial intermediation which is financial institutions to restructure and redevelopment of the organization. There are some of the banking activities that are followed by the financial institutions for depositing and lending the finance in the market. The overall discussion i s based on the theories of financial institutions as role playing of intermediaries in the global market with the support of transactional cost and asymmetrical informational approach of the financial institutions. Reference Boyd, J. H., and Prescott, E. C. (2013). Financial intermediary-coalitions.Journal of Economic Theory,38(2), 211-232. Demirg-Kunt, A., and Levine, R. (2012). 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